Nkɛntɛnso a nneɛma anum a ɛwɔ ductile dade mu nya wɔ casting so .

Nnuru a ɛwɔ ductile dade mu titiriw ne carbon, silicon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus nneɛma anum a ɛtaa ba. Wɔ castings binom a ɛwɔ ahwehwɛde soronko ma nhyehyɛe ne adwumayɛ, a alloy elements kakraa bi ka ho. Ɛsono dadeɛ a ɛyɛ fitaa a ɛyɛ fitaa, sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛhwɛ sɛ graphite sphetization no, ɛsɛ sɛ ductile iron nso wɔ residual globtization elements kakraa bi.
1. Nnyinasosɛm a ɛfa carbon ne carbon a ɛne no sɛ ho: Carbon yɛ ade titiriw a ɛwɔ ductile iron mu, na carbon a ɛkɔ soro no yɛ nea ɛfata ma graphitization. Esiane sɛ wɔatew nkɛntɛnso a graphite nya wɔ mfiridwuma mu nneɛma so no so akodu baabi a ɛba fam sen biara nti, mpɛn pii no carbon a ɛwɔ ductile dade mu no yɛ kɛse, ɛwɔ 3.5 ne 3.9% ntam, na ɛyɛ 4.1% wɔ 4.7% ne 4.7% ntam. Fa anohyeto a ɛwɔ soro no ma ɔfasu a ɛyɛ tratraa, nneɛma a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa nkae kɛse anaasɛ nyinsɛn a ɛnnɔɔso; Fa anohyeto a ɛwɔ fam no. Sɛ wopaw carbon a ɛne no sɛ a ɛbɛn cocrystal point no a, ɛnyɛ sɛ iron no mu nsu a ɛkɔ so no tu mpɔn nko, na mmom dade a ɛyɛ den a ɛkɔ soro no nso, na mmom ɛma ankasa-ahyɛnsode a ɛwɔ dade mu ne nea ɛtwetwe no tu mpɔn esiane dade a wɔde ayɛ ade no graphitization ntrɛwmu a ɛkɔ anim bere a ɛreyɛ den nti. Nanso, carbon a ɛdɔɔso betumi ama graphite atumi asensɛn nsu mu. Enti, carbon a ɛne no sɛ wɔ dade a ɛyɛ ductile mu no anohyeto a ɛwɔ soro no gyina nnyinasosɛm a ɛne sɛ graphite biara nni hɔ a ɛsensɛn nsu so no so.
2, Nnyinasosɛm a ɛfa silicon ho: Silicon yɛ ade a ɛyɛ den a wɔayɛ no sɛ graphitized. Wɔ ductile iron mu no, silicon ntumi ntew su fitaa no so yiye na ɛma ferrite dodow no yɛ kɛse nko, na mmom ɛwɔ nkɛntɛnso a ɛma cocrystal kuw no yɛ yiye na ɛma graphite kurukuruwa no dodow tu mpɔn. Nanso, silicon ma brittleness transition temperature a ɛwɔ cast iron no mu no tu mpɔn (Mfonini 1) na ama impact toughness no so atew, enti ɛnsɛ sɛ silicon a ɛwɔ mu no yɛ kɛse dodo, titiriw bere a manganese ne phosphorus a ɛwɔ cast iron mu no dɔɔso no, ɛho hia kɛse sɛ wodi silicon no mu nneɛma so katee. Silicon a etwa to no dodow a ɛwɔ ductile dade mu no taa 1.4- -3.0%. Bere a wɔapaw carbon a ɛne no sɛ akyi no, wɔtaa gye nnyinasosɛm a ɛne sɛ carbon a ɛdɔɔso ne silicon a ɛba fam no yɛ kɛse no tom. Silicon anohyeto a ɛwɔ fam no gyina nnyinasosɛm a ɛne sɛ obiara nni carburization nipadua no so.
3. Nnyinasosɛm a ɛfa manganese ho: Esiane sɛ sulfur a ɛwɔ ductile iron mu no sua koraa nti, ɛho nhia sɛ manganese pii na ɛma sulfur yɛ nea ɛho nhia, dwuma a manganese di wɔ ductile dade mu no da adi titiriw wɔ nipadua no a ɛyɛ den no a ɛkɔ soro na ɛma (Fe, MN) formation no nya nkɔso no mu. Saa carbide yi yɛ seaggregated wɔ aburow hye so na ɛwɔ nkɛntɛnso kɛse wɔ toctile iron a ɛyɛ den no so. Manganese nso bɛma brittle transition temperature a ɛwɔ ferrite diductile iron mu no akɔ soro, akɔ soro 0.1% akɔ 10 kosi 12℃. Enti, manganese a ɛwɔ ductile dade no mu no taa yɛ nea ɛba fam no dodow no ara na eye, sɛ mpo bead light nipadua ductile dade no a, ɛnsɛ sɛ manganese a ɛwɔ mu no boro 0.4 ~ 0.6%. Iron medium manganese ne ferrite nkutoo a atirimpɔw no ne sɛ ɛbɛma wear resistance atu mpɔn.
4. Nnyinasosɛm a ɛfa phosphorus ho: phosphorus yɛ ade a epira. Ɛwɔ solubility a ɛba fam koraa wɔ cast iron mu, bere a emu nneɛma no nnu 0.05%, solid soluble wɔ matrix no mu, a ennya nkɛntɛnso kɛse wɔ mfiri no su ahorow so. Sɛ emu nsɛm no boro 0.05% a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ phosphorus no bɛyɛ soronko wɔ common crystal kuw no hye so, ayɛ binary, ternary anaa composite phosphorus CO-crystal, na ɛtew dade a wɔde ayɛ no den so. Phosphorus ma dade a wɔde yɛ adwuma no mu nsakrae a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no yɛ kɛse, na ɛma phosphorus a ɛwɔ mu no yɛ kɛse digrii 4 kosi 4.5 . Enti, dodow a phosphorus a ɛwɔ ductile iron mu no sua no, dodow no ara na eye, mpɛn pii no ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nea ennu 0.08%. Wɔ castings a ɛho hia kɛse no fam no, ɛsɛ sɛ phosphorus a ɛwɔ mu no nnu 0.05%.
5, Selection Principle of Sulfur: Sulfur yɛ anti-globation element bi, ɛwɔ abusuabɔ a emu yɛ den a ɛne globation elements te sɛ magnesium, asase a ɛntaa nsi, sulfur dodow bi a ɛwɔ hɔ .